The 1992 Presidential Campaign: A Communication Perspective by
Political campaigns are highly complex and sophisticated communication events: communication of issues, images, social reality, and persons. They are essentially exercises in the creation, recreation, and transmission of significant symbols through human communication. As we attempt to make sense of our environment, political bits of communication inform our voting choices, world views, and legislative desires. This volume considers the 1992 presidential campaign from a communication perspective. Each chapter focuses on a specific area of political campaign communication: the communication functions and activities across the campaign phases, the nomination conventions, the debates, political advertising, the discussion and framing of issues, candidate images, the role and impact of network and local news, electronic town hall meetings, and C-Span.
The 1992 Presidential Election in the South: Current Patterns of the Southern Party and Electoral Politics by
This is the third of a series of studies of presidential election politics in the South (the first two addressing the 1984 and 1988 elections, respectively). It examines the nomination process in the region, presents a state-by-state analysis of the 1992 presidential election results, and offers some general conclusions regarding contemporary developments in southern electoral and party politics. The volume presents election data of interest to students of presidential elections, the U.S. party system, and southern politics. As such, the work represents a significant contribution to the literature on partisan politics in the South.
Candidates in Conflict: Persuasive Attack and Defense in the 1992 Presidential Debates by
The first study to analyze the 1992 debates from the new perspective of attack and defense strategies. Candidates in Conflict provides a new perspective for understanding presidential debates by analyzing the three televised debates in 1992 among candidates Bill Clinton, George Bush, and Ross Perot. The debates, now an expected part of presidential campaigns, were literally viewed by millions and captured the attention of the nation. Many scholars of communication view presidential debates as flawed (if not failed) academic debates. Benoit and Wells depart from this view by arguing that while presidential candidates may fall short on academic standards of evidence and reasoning, their debate style is nonetheless extremely calculated and effective in terms of attack and defense. By using persuasive attack and defense strategies, the authors maintain that candidates are able either to undermine (in the case of their opponents) or to preserve (for themselves) the vital issues of personal credibility and policy matters. In evaluating the success or failure of these strategies, the authors are careful to bear in mind important contextual variables for each debate. For example, how well were the candidates doing in public opinion polls? What did voters think about the need for change or the desirability for continuity in government? What were political commentators saying about the candidates before and after the debates? This study is the first to analyze the 1992 debates from the new perspective of attack and defense strategies. In doing so, the authors provide invaluable tools for gaining insights into both the 1992 debates and the complexities of the debating process within the political arena more generally. The book also includes complete transcripts of the debates.
Clinton's Elections: 1992, 1996, and the Birth of a New Era of Governance by
In the presidential elections of 1980, 1984, and 1988, the three Democratic nominees won an average of about 10 percent of the Electoral College vote--a smaller share than any party in any three consecutive presidential elections in US history. In the next seven elections, Democrats won the popular vote in all but one (2004), a feat not achieved by a political party since the Democratic Party's inception in the 1820s. What separated these record-setting runs was the election and presidency of Bill Clinton, whose pivotal role in ushering in a new era of American politics--for better and for worse--this book explores. Perhaps because Clinton's presidency was hobbled by six years of divided government, ended in a sex scandal and impeachment, and was sandwiched between Republican administrations, it is easy to forget that he revived a presidential party that had become nearly moribund. In Clinton's Elections Michael Nelson describes how, by tacking relentlessly to the center, Clinton revived the Democrats' presidential fortunes--but also, paradoxically, effectively erased the center, in the process introducing the new political reality of extreme partisan divisiveness and dysfunctional government. Tracing Clinton's place in American politics from his emergence as a potential nominee in 1988 to his role in political campaigns right up to 2016, Nelson draws a deft portrait of a savvy politician operating in the midst of divided government and making strategic moves to consolidate power and secure future victories. With its absorbing narrative and incisive analysis, his book makes sense of a watershed in the modern American political landscape--and lays bare the roots of our current era of political dysfunction.
The Flawed Path to the Presidency, 1992: Unfairness and Inequality in the Presidential Selection Process by
This book is a voter's-eye view of the 1992 presidential election campaign. Robert D. Loevy traveled from state to state throughout the 1992 presidential selection process--from the pre-primary period through election day--studying the candidates and the various techniques they used to win votes and outwit their opponents. As he made his way from one political rally to another, and watched one political commercial after another, Loevy had two main questions in mind: Is this process fair to the candidates who are running and the people who are making up their minds about whom to vote for? And does this process treat the voters of each state equally? This book catches the flavor and excitement of the 1992 presidential election while at the same time pointing out flaws in the process--a haphazard calendar of presidential primaries, a national nominating convention that no longer nominates, and an Electoral College that distorts each state's relative impact, to name a few--that make it essentially unequal in nature. Loevy proposes realistic and achievable reforms for each of the flaws described.
The Marketing of the President: Political Marketing as Campaign Strategy by
Professor Bruce I. Newman correctly points out that in this information age, a candidate and his staff can test a new issue or idea very quickly, and if it looks salable, arrange to have the candidate get it before the correct bloc of voters in a very short period of time. . . . Newman is also correct in noting that the political party, as an institution, is no longer as dominant in elections. . . . Political junkies will love this material. --Conservative Review The Marketing of the President documents how political candidates are marketed by the same sophisticated techniques that experts use to sell legal and medical services. Bruce I. Newman addresses issues of serious concern to the health of the political process as he examines the roles of polling, direct mail, 900 numbers, and television in advertising. Using the 1992 presidential election as a case study, this extraordinary volume reveals how the American political process has been transformed--for better or worse--by the use of marketing techniques.
Quest for the Presidency, 1992 by
Quest for the Presidency 1992 reveals for the first time the full story of what really happened in the tumultuous 1992 presidential election. With unparalleled access to the inner workings of the various campaigns, Newsweek's award-winning team of reporters gathered the in-depth stories of the candidates; their handlers, pollsters, and supporters; and their strategies, strengths, and weaknesses. Woven together here in spellbinding and insightful narrative, these accounts reveal the changing order of American politics, which saw the strongest third-force challenge in eighty years, and the changing portrait of the American voter, more cynical yet more involved in shaping the political process than ever before. The rich reporting and you-are-there intimacy of private meetings, confidential conversations, informal war-gaming sessions, and other key moments in the campaigns provide new insight into the players and events of this critical election year. A broad array of never-before-published campaign documents and sixty-one of Newsweek's best on-the-scene photographs flesh out the record. The result offers an essential guide to understanding not only the Clinton candidacy but also the Clinton presidency; keen human understanding of George Bush's fall; and a hint of how a Texas billionaire's down-home style may have changed the political terrain forever.
Ross for Boss: The Perot Phenomenon and Beyond by
Ross for Boss provides insights into the sources, continuity, and enduring importance of Ross Perot's presidential candidacies in 1992 and 1996 as a member of the Reform Party, and evaluates the impact of the Perot phenomenon on the future of both public policy and the U.S. party system. Using theoretical and historical literature on third parties and independent candidates, the contributors identify the sources of Perot's support and opposition among political activists and the mass public. Perot's supporters are understood as "zealots of the center" who resist partisan and ideological polarization. Perot himself, the authors suggest, was a master showman, able to use classical theatrical forms to establish himself as an improbable, yet inevitable, leader of a mass movement. His support came from people whose economic interests were directly threatened by increases in the global scope of the U.S. economy, and--like other third party candidates of the twentieth century--from those without formal religious affiliations. Comparisons of the 1992 and 1996 campaigns show that the decline in support for Perot was, for the most part, uniform across geographic regions and demographic groups.
The War Room by
Documentary about the Clinton presidential campaign, from the New Hampshire primary to the victory party 10 months later. At the center are the two men most responsible for Clinton's victory- James Carville, the campaign manager, and George Stephanopoulos, the communications director. This is a compelling portrait of the two men and the skill and determination required to bring about a victory.
When the Nerds Go Marching In: How Digital Technology Moved from the Margins to the Mainstream of Political Campaigns by
Digital technology has moved from the margins to the mainstream of campaign and election organization in contemporary democracies. Previously considered a mere novelty item, technology has become a basic necessity for any candidate or party contemplating a run for political office. While it is difficult to pinpoint exactly when the first digital campaign was officially launched, the general consensus is that the breakthrough moment, at least in terms of public awareness, came during the 1992 U.S. election cycle. At the presidential level, it was Democratic nominee Bill Clinton who laid claim to this virtual terra nova after his staff uploaded a series of basic text files with biographical information for voters to browse. Since that time, use of the Internet in elections has expanded dramatically in the U.S. and elsewhere.
Civil Racism: The 1992 Los Angeles Rebellion and the Crisis of Racial Burnout by
The 1992 Los Angeles rebellion, also known as the Rodney King riots, followed the acquittal of four police officers who had been charged with assault and the use of excessive force against a Black motorist. The violence included widespread looting and destruction of stores, many of which were owned or operated by Korean Americans in neighborhoods that were predominantly Black and Latina/o. Civil Racism examines a range of cultural reactions to the "riots" anchored by calls for a racist civility, a central component of the aesthetics and politics of the post-civil rights era. Lynn Mie Itagaki argues that the rebellion interrupted the rhetoric of "civil racism," which she defines as the preservation of civility at the expense of racial equality. As an expression of structural racism, Itagaki writes, civil racism exhibits the active--though often unintentional--perpetuation of discrimination through one's everyday engagement with the state and society. She is particularly interested in how civility manifests in societal institutions such as the family, the school, and the neighborhood, and she investigates dramatic, filmic, and literary texts by African American, Asian American, and Latina/o artists and writers that contest these demands for a racist civility. Itagaki specifically addresses what she sees as two "blind spots" in society and in scholarship. One is the invisibility of Asians and Latinas/os in media coverage and popular culture that, she posits, importantly shapes Black-White racial formations in dominant mainstream discourses about race. The second is the scholarly separation of two critical traditions that should be joined in analyses of racial injustice and the 1992 Los Angeles rebellion: comparative race studies and feminist theories. Civil Racism insists that the 1992 "riots" continue to matter, that the artistic responses matter, and that--more than twenty years later--debates about issues of race, ethnicity, class, and gender are more urgent than ever.
Contemporary Cases in Women's Rights by
Historical evolution of the right of privacy : early judicial invocation of unwritten rights. Marital and procreative freedom : Skinner v. Oklahoma (1942) and its predecessors, discussion ; Contraceptive freedom and marital privacy : Poe v. Ullman (1961) and its predecessor, discussion ; Victory for marital privacy and contraception : Griswold v. Connecticut (1965), discussion ; From marital to extramarital privacy and an abortion forecast : Eisenstadt v. Baird (1972), discussion ; The right to abortion : Roe v. Wade and Doe v. Bolton (1973), discussion ; Post-Roe abortion restrictions, discussion of Planned Parenthood v. Danforth (1976) ; Roe v. Wade under siege : discussion of Akron I (1983), Simopoulos v. Virginia (1983), Planned Parenthood v. Ashcroft (1983), Thornburgh v. ACOG (1986) ; Public funds for abortion : discussion of Beal v. Doe (1977), Maher v. Roe (1977), Poelker v. Doe (1977), Harris v. McRae (1980)
Current trends in abortion. Death knell for Roe v. Wade? : Webster v. Reproductive Health Services (1989) ; Parental notice for minors : discussion of Hodgson v. Minnesota (1990) and Ohio v. Akron Center for Reproductive Health (Akron II) (1990) ; Freedom of speech vs. limits on abortion : Rust v. Sullivan (1991) ; Reaction to Rust v. Sullivan ; Reprieve for Roe v. Wade : Planned Parenthood v. Casey (1992) ; Follow-up to Casey -- Parenthood and privacy : contemporary applications. Coerced caesareans : in re A.C. (1990) ; Child custody ; Surrogate mothers : The Baby M. case (1988) ; Adulterous fathers : Michael H. v. Gerald D. (1989) ; Native Americans and familial privacy : Mississippi Choctaw Indians v. Holyfield (1989) -- Sex discrimination. Historical background ; Employment opportunity ; Gender stereotyping and the workplace : Price Waterhouse v. Hopkins (1988) ; The Civil Rights Act of 1991, discussion ; Protection of the fetus vs. opportunity for women : UAW v. Johnson Controls (1991) ; Sexual harassment as sex discrimination ;
Supreme Court guidelines : Meritor Savings Bank v. Vinson (1986), discussion ; Lower court innovation : Ellison v. Brady (1991) ; Educational opportunity : Franklin v. Gwinnett County Schools (1992), discussion -- Sexual violence and pornography. Rape ; Statutory rape and sexual violence : Michael M. v. Sonoma County (1981) ; Nonviolent, coerced intercourse : State v. Rusk (1981) ; Wife abuse and husband homicide : State v. Stewart (1988) ; Pornography, obscenity, and hate speech ; Obscenity doctrine ; Anti-pornography ordinances : American Booksellers Association v. Hudnut (1985) ; Hate speech and the future of pornography laws : R.A.V. v. St. Paul (1992), discussion.
Reading Rodney King/Reading Urban Uprising by
Reading Rodney King/Reading Urban Uprising keeps the public debate alive by exploring the connections between the Rodney King incidents and the ordinary workings of cultural, political, and economic power in contemporary America. Its recurrent theme is the continuing, complicated significance of race in American society. Contributors: Houston A. Baker, Jr.; Judith Butler; Sumi K. Cho; Kimberle Crenshaw; Mike Davis; Thomas L. Dumm; Walter C. Farrell, Jr.; Henry Louis Gates, Jr.; Ruth Wilson Gilmore; Robert Gooding-Williams; James H. Johnson, Jr.; Elaine H. Kim; Melvin L. Oliver; Michael Omi; Gary Peller; Cedric J. Robinson; Jerry Watts; Cornel West; Patricia Williams; Rhonda M. Williams; Howard Winant.
Rodney King and the L. A. Rebellion: A 1992 Black Rebellion in the United States: Analysis and Commentary by 
The Rodney King Rebellion: A Psychopolitical Analysis of Racial Despair and Hope by
Was the violence in L.A. a riot or a rebellion? The author examines the frustration, racism, and anger that led to the uprising in Los Angeles.
They Didn't See Us Coming: The Hidden History of Feminism in the Nineties by
From an award-winning scholar, a vibrant portrait of a pivotal moment in the history of the feminist movement. From the declaration of the "Year of the Woman" to the televising of Anita Hill's testimony, from Bitch magazine to SisterSong's demands for reproductive justice: the 90s saw the birth of some of the most lasting aspects of contemporary feminism. Historian Lisa Levenstein tracks this time of intense and international coalition building, one that centered on the growing influence of lesbians, women of color, and activists from the global South. Their work laid the foundation for the feminist energy seen in today's movements, including the 2017 Women's March and #MeToo campaigns. A revisionist history of the origins of contemporary feminism, They Didn't See Us Coming shows how women on the margins built a movement at the dawn of the Digital Age.
After the Revolutions: East-West Trade and Technology Transfer in the 1990s by
This book presents various aspects of the changing nature of East-West relations and attempts to anticipate future trends in East-West trade and technology transfer, dealing with the evolution of national approaches towards trade and technology transfer.
The Breakup of Yugoslavia and the War in Bosnia by
Designed for secondary school and college student research, this work is a one-stop ready reference guide to the breakup of Yugoslavia in 1991, the war in Bosnia, and the peace settlement. Combining narrative description, analytical essays, a timeline, biographical profiles, and the text of key primary documents, Rogel, a leading U.S. specialist on Yugoslavia and the war in Bosnia, provides information and analysis to help students understand the collapse of Tito's Yugoslavia and the causes and effects of the ensuing war. Six essays analyze the crisis, including a concluding essay that discusses the area's uncertain prospects for the future. Ready reference features include: a timeline of events; lengthy biographical profiles of 20 pivotal political figures in the crisis; the text of 12 key primary documents; a glossary of selected terms; and an annotated bibliography of recommended further reading. Four maps and selected photos illuminate the text. Following a historical overview of the region through the 1980s are topical essays on the downfall of Tito's Yugoslavia; the war in Bosnia-Hercegovina; the myths, propaganda, and politics that nurtured the hostilities; and the international community's bumbling response to the Yugoslav crisis. Rogel focuses on local Yugoslav and international politics, which were responsible for the state's disintegration, the brutal war and ethnic cleansing that followed, and the uncertainty the peoples of the former Yugoslavia face at the end of the 20th century. Several of the key political figures featured in the lengthy biographical profiles are unknown in the West, making this an especially valuable source for student research. Primary documents include an excerpt from Zlata's Diary.
Freedom for Catalonia?: Catalan Nationalism, Spanish Identity and the Barcelona Olympic Games by
Although the fight for independence by national minorities has received much attention recently, there is no study of how globalised sport in its most advanced form can help to stimulate it. This book shows how the 1992 Olympic Games raised the tension that already existed between Catalonia and Spain, from the time they were awarded to Barcelona until they opened. John Hargreaves analyses and explains the way in which the conflict developed and eventually was resolved, in terms of the special characteristics of Catalan nationalism, the nature of the new Spanish democracy and the special role played by the International Olympic Committee. This book will be relevant to academics, researchers and postgraduates specialising in nationalism and Catalan nationalism, as well as being of interest to teachers, researchers and students of political sociology, cultural studies and sports studies, and professionals working in the fields of culture, sport, recreation and leisure.
The Hour of Europe: Western Powers and the Breakup of Yugoslavia by
By looking through the prism of the West's involvement in the breakup of Yugoslavia, this book presents a new examination of the end of the Cold War in Europe. Incorporating declassified documents from the CIA, the administration of George H.W. Bush, and the British Foreign Office; evidence generated by The Hague Tribunal; and more than forty personal interviews with former diplomats and policy makers, Glaurdic exposes how the realist policies of the Western powers failed to prop up Yugoslavia's continuing existence as intended, and instead encouraged the Yugoslav Army and the Serbian regime of Slobodan Milosevic to pursue violent means. The book also sheds light on the dramatic clash of opinions within the Western alliance regarding how to respond to the crisis. Glaurdic traces the origins of this clash in the Western powers' different preferences regarding the roles of Germany, Eastern Europe, and foreign and security policy in the future of European integration. With subtlety and acute insight, The Hour of Europe provides a fresh understanding of events that continue to influence the shape of the post-Cold War Balkans and the whole of Europe.
Serbian Paramilitaries and the Breakup of Yugoslavia: State Connections and Patterns of Violence by
This is the first book to offer a comprehensive analysis of the emergence, nature, and function of Serbian paramilitary units during the violent breakup of Yugoslavia. The book investigates the nature and functions of paramilitary units throughout the 1990s, and their ties to the state and President Slobodan Milosevic. The work relies on the archives of the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia in The Hague, which conducted dozens of trials relating to paramilitary violence, and records from judicial proceedings in the region. It discusses how and why certain important paramilitary units emerged, how they functioned and transformed through the decade, what their relationships and entanglements were with the state, the Milosevic regime, and organized crime. The study thus investigates the interrelated ideological, political, and social factors and processes, fueling paramilitary engagement, and assesses the impact of this engagement on victims of paramilitary violence and on the state and society for which the units purportedly fought. It argues that coordinated action by a number of state institutions gave rise to paramilitaries tasked with altering borders while maintaining plausible deniability for the sponsoring regime. The outsourcing of violence by the state to paramilitaries led to a significant weakening of the very state these units and their sponsors swore to protect. The book also analyzes differences between the units and how they attacked civilians, arguing that the different forms of violence stemmed not only from the function they fulfilled for the state but also the ways in which they were set up and operated. The final chapter brings the different strands of the argument together into a coherent whole, suggesting avenues for further research, in the former Yugoslavia and beyond. This book will be of much interest to students of ethnic conflict and civil war, war crimes, Balkan politics, and International Relations in general.
Somalia - the Untold Story: The War Through the Eyes of Somali Women by
Somalia came to the world's attention in 1992 when television and newspapers began to report on the terrifyingly violent war and the famine that resulted. Half a million Somalis died that year, and over a million fled the country. Cameras followed US troops as they landed on the beaches at Mogadishu to lead what became an ill-fated UN intervention to end hunger and restore peace. In this book, Somali women write and talk about the war, their experiences and the unacceptable choices they often faced. They explain clearly, in their own words, the changes, challenges - and sometimes the opportunities - that war brought, and how they coped with them. Key themes include the slaughter and loss of men, who were the prime target for killings; rape and sexual violence as a weapon of war; changing roles in the family and within the pastoralist economy; women mobilising for peace; and leading social recovery in a war-torn society. This book is not only an important record of women's experience of war, but also provides researchers and students of gender and conflict with rare first hand accounts highlighting the impact of war on gender relations, and women's struggle for equal political rights in a situation of state collapse.
Somalia and Operation Restore Hope: Reflections of Peacemaking and Peacekeeping by
The Los Angeles Times describes this volume as one of the two most important postmortems written since the United Nations dismantled its troubled and lamented mission to Somalia. Somalia has become a symbol for the unacceptable costs of humanitarian intervention, for the type of foreign involvement that should be avoided. But the authors of this timely book, themselves key participants in the U.S.-led operation there, argue that substantial good was done the tide of famine was stayed, hundreds of thousands of lives saved, and steps toward political reconciliation begun. Despite the recent renewal of political violence, the humanitarian situation remains stable.In launching Operation Restore Hope, the multinational coalition faced a complex, tense, and rapidly unfolding situation. The authors detail how the carefully limited mission achieved its goals, including mutual understanding with the Somalis, by combining political, military, and humanitarian actions. But the authors also describe how different U.S. and UN concepts of the mission and subsequent changes in the mission s scope led almost inevitably to confrontation."
This Time We Knew: Western Responses to Genocide in Bosnia by
A crafted collection detailing western responses to the Balkan War We didn't know. For half a century, Western politicians and intellectuals have so explained away their inaction in the face of genocide in World War II. In stark contrast, Western observers today face a daily barrage of information and images, from CNN, the Internet, and newspapers about the parties and individuals responsible for the current Balkan War and crimes against humanity. The stories, often accompanied by video or pictures of rape, torture, mass graves, and ethnic cleansing, available almost instantaneously, do not allow even the most uninterested viewer to ignore the grim reality of genocide. And yet, while information abounds, so do rationalizations for non-intervention in Balkan affairs--the threshold of real genocide has yet to be reached in Bosnia; all sides are equally guilty; Islamic fundamentalism in Bosnia is a threat to the West; it will only end when they all tire of killing each other--to name but a few. In This Time We Knew, Thomas Cushman and Stjepan G. Mestrovic have put together a collection of critical, reflective, essays that offer detailed sociological, political, and historical analyses of western responses to the war. This volume punctures once and for all common excuses for Western inaction. This Time We Knew further reveals the reasons why these rationalizations have persisted and led to the West's failure to intercede, in the face of incontrovertible evidence, in the most egregious crimes against humanity to occur in Europe since World War II. Contributors to the volume include Kai Erickson, Jean Baudrillard, Mark Almond, David Riesman, Daniel Kofman, Brendan Simms, Daniele Conversi, Brad Kagan Blitz, James J. Sadkovich, and Sheri Fink.